What is preeclampsia, and what are the risk factors?

Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication marked by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organs, commonly the liver and kidneys. It typically develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy in women who previously had normal blood pressure. If left untreated, it can lead to severe complications for both the mother and the baby. Several risk factors increase the likelihood of developing preeclampsia. These include a personal or family history of preeclampsia, first pregnancies, and pregnancies with multiples (such as twins or triplets). Other risk factors are obesity, chronic hypertension, advanced maternal age (over 35), and preexisting health conditions such as diabetes or kidney disease. Maintaining regular prenatal care is crucial for monitoring and managing these risks.

How is preeclampsia screening performed?

Preeclampsia screening is typically performed using a combination of maternal history, physical examination, and various tests. One common screening method involves measuring blood pressure and testing urine for protein levels at prenatal visits. Additionally, blood tests may be done to check for specific markers, such as placental growth factor (PlGF) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A). Another important component of screening is the assessment of the uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) using Doppler ultrasound. This non-invasive test helps evaluate blood flow to the uterus and can aid in identifying women at risk for developing preeclampsia. Early detection through screening allows for closer monitoring and timely intervention, which can significantly improve outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

What are the benefits of early detection of preeclampsia?

Early detection of preeclampsia offers several benefits for both the mother and the baby. Firstly, it allows for closer monitoring of the pregnancy, which can help healthcare providers intervene promptly if complications arise. This can help prevent the condition from worsening and reduce the risk of serious complications such as seizures (eclampsia), stroke, organ damage, and placental abruption. Early detection also enables healthcare providers to initiate treatment strategies to manage preeclampsia and its symptoms, which can help improve outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Additionally, early detection may allow for the implementation of preventive measures, such as low-dose aspirin therapy, which has been shown to reduce the risk of developing preeclampsia in high-risk women.

Preclampsia Screening - Centre for Women's Ultrasound

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